拔长
也称延伸，它是使坯料横断面积减小、长度增加的锻造工序。拔长常用于锻造杆、轴类零件。
自由锻造的基本工序包括镦粗、拔长、冲孔、弯曲、扭转、错移、切割及锻接等。
Pulling length Also known as elongation， it is a forging process to reduce the cross-sectional area of the billet and increase the length. Pullout is often used in forging rods and shaft parts. The basic processes of free forging include upsetting， drawing， punching，forging采购， bending， torsion， offset， cutting and forging.
镦粗 镦粗是对原坯料沿轴向锻打，使其高度减低、横截面增大的操作过程。这种工序常用于锻造齿轮坯和其他圆盘形类锻件。镦粗分为全部镦粗和局部锻粗两种。
Upsetting and upsetting is the process of forging the original billet along the axis， reducing its height and increasing its cross section. This process is usually used to forge gear blanks and other disc shaped forgings. The upsetting is divided into two kinds of upsetting and local forgings.
低塑性拔长时，应注意选择合适的送进比，送进比太小时，变形集中在上下部，forging，中心都锻不透，forging价格，并沿轴向产生拉锻造应关于锻件的一些基本知识力，导致内部横向裂纹产生。在镦粗时，常用软衬垫镦粗或叠镦（用于锻薄饼形零件），以改善变形的不均匀性，防止产生表面裂纹。
When low plasticity is pulled out， attention should be paid to selecting suitable delivery ratio， sending too much time， deformation on the upper and lower parts，forging谁家好， and the center can not be built， and forging along the axial direction should be related to some basic knowledge of forging， resulting in the occurrence of internal transverse cracks. In the upsetting， commonly used soft liner (for upsetting or folding upsetting forging thin pancake， uneven parts) to improve the deformation， prevent the generation of cracks on the surface.
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