碾环是指通过专用设备碾环机生产不同直径的环形零件，主要用来生产汽车轮毂、火车车轮等轮形零件。特种锻造包括辊锻、楔横轧、径向锻造、液态模锻等锻造方式，这些方式都比较适用于生产特殊形状的零件。
Roller ring refers to the production of circular parts with different diameters through the roller ring machine of special equipment， which is mainly used to produce wheel hub， train wheel and other wheel shaped parts. Special forgings include roll forging，锻造型号， cross wedge rolling，锻造价格， radial forging， liquid forging and so on. These methods are suitable for producing parts with special shape.
在锻造时，金属的脆性杂质被打碎 ，顺着金属主要伸长方向呈碎粒状或链状分布；塑性杂质随着金属变形沿主要伸长方向呈带状分布 ， 这样热锻后的金属**就具有一定的方向性。
When forging， the brittle metal impurities to be broken down， the main direction of elongation is like particles of metal or plastic chain distribution; impurities with metal deformation distributed along the main direction of elongation， so after hot forging metal organization has certain direction.
由于热变形形成纤维**，会使金属的力学性能出现异向性，锻造，即纵向力学性能指标中的A，Z，Ak比横向相应的指标大得多，两个方向上的强度Rm。Re差别不大。
Due to the formation of fibrous microstructure by thermal deformation， the mechanical properties of metals will be different. That is， A， Z and Ak in longitudinal mechanical properties are much larger than those itransverse direction， and the strength in two directi is Rm. Re is not very different.
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