锻造是指把加热后的金属材料锻制成各种形状的工具、机械零件或毛坯。锻造过程中要对这些滚烫的金属坯料进行各种加工，因此加工过程中高温、***、振动和噪声是避免不了的。所以锻造过程安全防护很重要。
Forging is a tool, mechanical part, or blank that is forged from a heated metal material to a variety of shapes. In the process of forging, these hot metal billets should be processed, so high temperature, dust, vibration and noise can not be ***oided during the process. Therefore, the safety protection of the forging process is very important.
锻造设备是指在锻造加工中用于成形和分离的机械设备。锻造设备包括成形用的锻锤、机械压力机、液压机、螺旋压力机和平锻机，以及锻造操作机、开卷机、矫正机、剪切机、等辅助设备。
Forging equipment is the mechanical equipment for forming and separating in forging. Forging equipment includes forging hammer, mechanical press, hydraulic press, screw press, forging machine, forging machine, coiler, straightening machine, shearing machine, and other auxiliary equipment.
镦粗 镦粗是对原坯料沿轴向锻打，使其高度减低、横截面增大的操作过程。这种工序常用于锻造齿轮坯和其他圆盘形类锻件。镦粗分为全部镦粗和局部锻粗两种。
Upsetting and upsetting is the process of forging the original billet along the axis, reducing its height and increasing its cross section. This process is usually used to forge gear blanks and other disc shaped forgings. The upsetting is divided into two kinds of upsetting and local forgings.