通过锻造能消除金属在冶炼过程中产生的铸态疏松等缺陷，优化微观***结构，同时由于保存了完整的金属流线，锻件的机械性能一般优于同样材料的铸件。
Forging can eliminate the defects such as casting porosity and so on during the ***elting process, and optimize the microstructure. At the same time, because of the intact metal flow line, the mechanical properties of the forgings are generally better than those of the same materials.
低塑性拔长时，应注意选择合适的送进比，送进比太小时，变形集中在上下部，中心都锻不透，并沿轴向产生拉锻造应关于锻件的一些基本知识力，导致内部横向裂纹产生。具体来说，高温下金属塑性好，变形抗力小，应采用远大于临界变形程度的较大变形量锻造。在镦粗时，常用软衬垫镦粗或叠镦（用于锻薄饼形零件），以改善变形的不均匀性，防止产生表面裂纹。
When low plasticity is pulled out, attention should be paid to selecting suitable delivery ratio, sending too much time, deformation on the upper and lower parts, and the center can not be built, and forging along the axial direction should be related to some basic knowledge of forging, resulting in the occurrence of internal transverse cracks. In the upsetting, commonly used soft liner (for upsetting or folding upsetting forging thin pancake, uneven parts) to improve the deformation, prevent the generation of cracks on the surface.
锻造工艺过程一般由以下工序组成，即选取钢坯下料、加热、成形、锻后冷却。锻造的工艺方法有自由锻、模锻和胎膜锻。生产时，按锻件质量的大小，生产批量的多少选择不同的锻造方法。
The forging process is generally of the following processes, namely, the selection of high quality billets, heating, forming and cooling after forging. The forging process includes free forging, die forging and fetal membrane forging. When manufacturing, according to the size of forgings and the number of production batches, different forging methods are chosen.