自由锻。指用简单的通用性工具，或在锻造设备的上、下砧铁之间直接对坯料施加外力,使坯料产生变形而获得所需的几何形状及内部质量的锻件的加工方法。 采用自由锻方法生产的锻件称为 自由锻件。
Free forging. It refers to the processing method of forgings directly using the external force between the upper and the lower anvil of forging equipment, so as to get the required geometry and internal quality by applying external force directly to the billet. Forgings produced by free forging are called free forgings.
低塑性拔长时，应注意选择合适的送进比，送进比太小时，变形集中在上下部，中心都锻不透，并沿轴向产生拉锻造应关于锻件的一些基本知识力，导致内部横向裂纹产生。在镦粗时，常用软衬垫镦粗或叠镦（用于锻薄饼形零件），以改善变形的不均匀性，防止产生表面裂纹。指用简单的通用性工具，或在锻造设备的上、下砧铁之间直接对坯料施加外力,使坯料产生变形而获得所需的几何形状及内部质量的锻件的加工方法。
When low plasticity is pulled out, attention should be paid to selecting suitable delivery ratio, sending too much time, deformation on the upper and lower parts, and the center can not be built, and forging along the axial direction should be related to some basic knowledge of forging, resulting in the occurrence of internal transverse cracks. In the upsetting, commonly used soft liner (for upsetting or folding upsetting forging thin pancake, uneven parts) to improve the deformation, prevent the generation of cracks on the surface.
选择好的锻件产品跟锻造工艺或者锻造厂家肯定是有关系的，现在有越来越多的锻件厂走向市场，对此，用户挑选锻件产品的难度就增加了。如果对锻件缺乏***的认识，那么，在选择的时候就会多很多顾忌。
The selection of good forging products is closely related to forging process or forging factories. Now more and more forgings factories are going to the market. Therefore, users" difficulty in selecting forgings is increasing. If the forgings are lack of professional knowledge, there will be a lot of scruples when choosing.
二十世纪60年代以后，锻造机械改变了从19世纪开始的，向重型和大型方向发展的趋势，转而向高速、、自动、精密、专用、多品种生产等方向发展。
After 60s twentieth Century, forging machinery changed the trend from nineteenth Century to he***y and large direction, and turned to high speed, high efficiency, automatic, precision, special, multi variety production.