低塑性拔长时，应注意选择合适的送进比，送进比太小时，变形集中在上下部，中心都锻不透，并沿轴向产生拉锻造应关于锻件的一些基本知识力，导致内部横向裂纹产生。直线往复锻造设备1、动载撞击的锻造设备2、动静载联合的锻造设备3，***能冲击的锻造设备。在镦粗时，常用软衬垫镦粗或叠镦（用于锻薄饼形零件），以改善变形的不均匀性，防止产生表面裂纹。
When low plasticity is pulled out, attention should be paid to selecting suitable delivery ratio, sending too much time, deformation on the upper and lower parts, and the center can not be built, and forging along the axial direction should be related to some basic knowledge of forging, resulting in the occurrence of internal transverse cracks. In the upsetting, commonly used soft liner (for upsetting or folding upsetting forging thin pancake, uneven parts) to improve the deformation, prevent the generation of cracks on the surface.
碾环是指通过专用设备碾环机生产不同直径的环形零件，主要用来生产汽车轮毂、火车车轮等轮形零件。特种锻造包括辊锻、楔横轧、径向锻造、液态模锻等锻造方式，这些方式都比较适用于生产特殊形状的零件。
Roller ring refers to the production of circular parts with different diameters through the roller ring machine of special equipment, which is mainly used to produce wheel hub, train wheel and other wheel shaped parts. Special forgings include roll forging, cross wedge rolling, radial forging, liquid forging and so on. These methods are suitable for producing parts with special shape.
不知道听到工艺两个字的时候我们更多的想到的是什么?我想很多人对工艺的追求大多体现在对一些艺术品上面。通过锻造能消除金属在冶炼过程中产生的铸态疏松等缺陷，优化微观***结构，同时由于保存了完整的金属流线，锻件的机械性能一般优于同样材料的铸件。其实不仅仅是艺术品对工艺的要求非常高。在我们的机械领域对工艺也是精益求精的，因为只有高超的工艺才能制造出更的产品，就比如说大口径法兰对它的工艺要求也是很高的。
I don"t know what we think about more when we hear the two of the craft?锻造设备种类很多，按照工作部分运行方式不同，锻造设备可分为直线往复运动和相对旋转运动两大类。 I think a lot of people"s pursuit of the craft is mostly on some of the works of art. In fact, not only is the art of art demanding very high technology. In our field of machinery, we also strive for improvement in technology, because only superb technology can make more perfect products, for example, large diameter flanges require high technological requirements for them.
自由锻造是靠人工操作来控制锻件的形状和尺寸的，所以锻件精度低，加工余量大，劳动强度大，生产率也不高，因此它主要应用于单件、小批量生产。
Free forging is by manual operation to the shape and size of the forgings, so the precision of the forgings is low, the processing allowance is large, the labor intensity is big, and the productivity is not high. Therefore, it is mainly used in single piece and ***all batch production.