锻造是指把加热后的金属材料锻制成各种形状的工具、机械零件或毛坯。锻造过程中要对这些滚烫的金属坯料进行各种加工，因此加工过程中高温、、振动和噪声是避免不了的。所以锻造过程安全防护很重要。
Forging is a tool, mechanical part, or blank that is forged from a heated metal material to a variety of shapes. In the process of forging, these hot metal billets should be processed, so high temperature, dust, vibration and noise can not be ***oided during the process. Therefore, the safety protection of the forging process is very important.
机器锻造是自由锻造的主要方法，可锻造质量达到几百吨的大型锻件，这使得自由锻在重型机械制造中具有特别重要的作用。例如，水轮机主轴、多拐曲轴、大型连杆、重要的齿轮零件，在工作时都承受很大的载荷，常采用自由锻造方法生产毛坯，使其具有很高的力学性能.满足使用要求。由于热变形形成纤维***，会使金属的力学性能出现异向性，即纵向力学性能指标中的A，Z，Ak比横向相应的指标大得多，两个方向上的强度Rm。
Machine forging is the main method of free forging. It can forge large forgings with a quality of hundreds of t, which makes free forging play a very role in he***y machinery manufacturing. For example, the main shaft of a hydraulic turbine, a multi crank crankshaft, a large connecting rod, and important gear parts are subjected to he***y loads when they are working. Free forging is often used to produce blanks, so that they h***e high mechanical properties.
锻造工艺过程一般由以下工序组成，即选取钢坯下料、加热、成形、锻后冷却。锻造的工艺方法有自由锻、模锻和胎膜锻。生产时，按锻件质量的大小，生产批量的多少选择不同的锻造方法。
The forging process is generally of the following processes, namely, the selection of high quality billets, heating, forming and cooling after forging. The forging process includes free forging, die forging and fetal membrane forging. When manufacturing, according to the size of forgings and the number of production batches, different forging methods are chosen.
自由锻造是靠人工操作来控制锻件的形状和尺寸的，所以锻件精度低，加工余量大，劳动强度大，生产率也不高，因此它主要应用于单件、小批量生产。
Free forging is by manual operation to the shape and size of the forgings, so the precision of the forgings is low, the processing allowance is large, the labor intensity is big, and the productivity is not high. Therefore, it is mainly used in single piece and ***all batch production.