锻件是金属被施加压力，通过塑性变形塑造要求的形状或合适的压缩力的物件。这种力量典型的通过使用铁锤或压力来实现。锻件过程建造了精致的颗粒结构，并改进了金属的物理属性。
A forged piece is an object that is applied to the metal by pressure to shape the required shape or the appropriate compression force by plastic deformation. This force is typically achieved by using a hammer or pressure. The process of forging has built a fine particle structure and improved the physical properties of the metal.
在考虑锻造工艺时特别是后一火的锻造时，应尽量避免在临界变形程度下进行，以免得到粗大晶粒***。具体来说，高温下金属塑性好，变形抗力小，应采用远大于临界变形程度的较大变形量锻造；低温修正时采用低于临界变形程度的小变形量进行局部修整。
When the forging process is cidered, especially when the last fire is forged, the critical deformation should be ***oided as far as , so as to ***oid coarse grain structure. Concretely speaking, high temperature metal has good plasticity and ***all deformation resistance. We should adopt large deformation amount forging far greater than critical deformation degree. When low temperature correction is used, ***all deformation below critical deformation degree should be used for local trimming.
随着电动机的发明，十九世纪末出现了以电为动力的机械压力机和空气锤，并获得迅速发展。第二次以来，七十五万千牛的模锻水压机、一千五百千焦的对六万千牛的板料冲压压力机、十六万千牛的热模锻压力机等重型锻压机械，和一些自动冷镦机相继问世，形成了门类齐全的锻造机械体系。Therefore,thesafetyprotectionoftheforgingprocessisveryimportant。
With the invention of motor, the mechanical press and air hammer powered by electricity appeared at the end of nineteenth Century, and developed rapidly. Since the Second World War, the forging water press, one thousand and five hundred thousand char, the punching press of Liu Wanqian cattle, the hot forging press of sixteen thousand thousand cattle, and some automatic cold heading machines h***e come out in succession, forming a complete system of forging machinery.
拔长 拔长是使坯料的长度增加，截面减小的锻造工序，通常用来生产轴类件毛坯，如车床主轴、连杆等。
冲孔 用冲子在坯料上冲出通孔或不通孔的锻造工序。弯曲 使坯料弯曲成一定角度或形状的锻造工序。
Drawing and drawing is a forging process that increases the length of the billet and reduces the section. It is usually used to produce shaft parts, such as spindle and connecting rod.
Forging punch punching out through holes or blind holes in the blank. The forging process of bending the billet into a certain angle or shape.