碾环是指通过专用设备碾环机生产不同直径的环形零件，主要用来生产汽车轮毂、火车车轮等轮形零件。特种锻造包括辊锻、楔横轧、径向锻造、液态模锻等锻造方式，这些方式都比较适用于生产特殊形状的零件。
Roller ring refers to the production of circular parts with different diameters through the roller ring machine of special equipment, which is mainly used to produce wheel hub, train wheel and other wheel shaped parts. Special forgings include roll forging, cross wedge rolling, radial forging, liquid forging and so on. These methods are suitable for producing parts with special shape.
自由锻造所用的工具简单，加工方法通用性强，生产准备周期短，因而应用较为广泛。自由锻分为手工锻造和机器锻造两种。手工锻造只能生产小型锻件，生产率也较低。
The tool used for free forging is simple, the versatile and the production period is short, so it is widely used. Free forging is divided into two kinds: manual forging and machine Manual forging can only produce ***all forgings, and the productivity is low.
锻造设备是指在锻造加工中用于成形和分离的机械设备。锻造设备包括成形用的锻锤、机械压力机、液压机、螺旋压力机和平锻机，以及锻造操作机、开卷机、矫正机、剪切机、等辅助设备。
Forging equipment is the mechanical equipment for forming and separating in forging. Forging equipment includes forging hammer, mechanical press, hydraulic press, screw press, forging machine, forging machine, coiler, straightening machine, shearing machine, and other auxiliary equipment.
二十世纪60年代以后，锻造机械改变了从19世纪开始的，向重型和大型方向发展的趋势，转而向高速、、自动、精密、专用、多品种生产等方向发展。
After 60s twentieth Century, forging machinery changed the trend from nineteenth Century to he***y and large direction, and turned to high speed, high efficiency, automatic, precision, special, multi variety production.