在锻造时，金属的脆性杂质被打碎 ，顺着金属主要伸长方向呈碎粒状或链状分布；塑性杂质随着金属变形沿主要伸长方向呈带状分布 ， 这样热锻后的金属***就具有一定的方向性。
When forging, the brittle metal impurities to be broken down, the main direction of elongation is like particles of metal or plastic chain distribution; impurities with metal deformation distributed along the main direction of elongation, so after hot forging metal organization has certain direction.
锻件是金属被施加压力，通过塑性变形塑造要求的形状或合适的压缩力的物件。这种力量典型的通过使用铁锤或压力来实现。锻件过程建造了精致的颗粒结构，并改进了金属的物理属性。
A forged piece is an object that is applied to the metal by pressure to shape the required shape or the appropriate compression force by plastic deformation. This force is typically achieved by using a hammer or pressure. The process of forging has built a fine particle structure and improved the physical properties of the metal.
锻造生产加热设备和锻压设备不可少，这些设备释放大量热能，需要我们在通风净化环境中进行。锻造工具种类繁多，也是密集型作业，要求每个技术人员都不能马虎，坚守自己的岗位，嘈杂的环境需要冷静的技师，不能随意操作。
Forged production of heating equipment and forging equipment can not be less, these release a large amount of heat energy, we need to carry out in the ventilation and purification environment. There are various kinds of forging tools, which are also intensive operati. Every technician is not allowed to be careless and stick to their. The noisy environment needs a cool technician and can not be arbitrarily operated.
镦粗是镦粗示意图使毛坯高度减小，横断面积增大的锻造工序。 镦粗工序主要用于锻造齿轮坯、圆饼类锻件。镦粗工序可以有效地改善坯料***，减小力学性能的异向性。 镦粗与拔长的反复进行，可以改善高合金工具钢中碳化物的形态和分布状态。
Upsetting is the forging process that indicates that the blank height is reduced and the cross section area is increased. The upsetting process is mainly used for forging gear blanks and round cake forgings. The upsetting process can effectively improve the billet structure and reduce the anisotropy of mechanical properties. The morphology and distribution of carbides in high alloy tool steel can be improved by repeated upsetting and drawing.