Microcystin-LF

Analog of microcystin-LR (Prod. No. ALX-350-081) with Phe substituted in place of Arg. Hydrophobic and believed to be more cell permeable than other microcystins. Is more toxic than the more hydrophilic analogs such as microcystin-LR and microcystin-LY.

Product Specific Literature References

Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of microcystins in raw and treated waters:L.A. Lawton, et al.; Analyst 119, 1525 (1994) Abstract
First report of microcystins from a Brazilian isolate of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa: S.M.F.O. Azevedo, et al.; J. Appl. Phycology 6, 261 (1994)
Isolation and characterization of microcystins from laboratory cultures and environmental samples of Microcystis aeruginosa and from an associated animal toxicosis: L.A. Lawton, et al.; Nat. Toxins 3, 50 (1995) Abstract
Comparative toxicity of four microcystins of different hydrophobicities to the protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis: C.J. Ward & G.A. Codd; J. Appl. Microbiol. 86, 874 (1999) Abstract
Detection and quantification of microcystins (cyanobacterial hepatotoxins) with recombinant antibody fragments isolated from a naive human phage display library: J. McElhiney, et al.; FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 193, 83 (2000) Abstract
Pseudodiarrhoea in zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) exposed to microcystins: G. Juhel, et al.; J. Exp. Biol. 209, 810 (2006) Abstract