ABB BAILEY IMFCS01、IMMFP12
输出电路形式一般分为：继电器输出，晶体管输出和晶闸管输出三种。弄清这三种输出形式的区别，对于PLC的硬件设计工作非常有必要。下面以三菱PLC为例，简要介绍一下这三种输出电路形式的区别和注意事项，其它公司的PLC输出电路形式也大同小异。
1、 继电器输出电路 (MR)
优势：继电器输出可通过交流和直流，一般负载AC250V/50V以下，负载电流可达2A，因此，PLC的输出一般不宜直接驱动大电流负载（一般通过一个小负载来驱动大负载，如PLC的输出可以接一个电流比较小的中间继电器，再由中间继电器触点驱动大负载，如接触器线圈等）。
劣势：继电器触点的使用寿命也有限制（一般数十万次左右，根据负载而定，如连接***负载时的寿命要小于阻性负载）。此外，继电器输出的响应时间也比较慢（10ms）左右，因此，在要求快速响应的场合不适合使用此种类型的电路输出形式。
2、 晶体管输出电路(MT)
优势：晶体管相应速度快，适用于要求快速响应的场合，如高速输出发脉冲；由于晶体管是无机械触点，因此比继电器输出电路形式的寿命长。
劣势：晶体管输出型电路的外接电源只能是直流电源，另外，晶体管输出驱动能力要小于继电器输出，允许负载电压一般为DC5V～30V，允许负载电流为0.2A～0.5A。这两点的使用晶体管输出电路形式时要注意。
当然在常见输出中不止这些，常见的可控硅放大版等也需要做一些了解，只是其应用逐渐淘汰。
3、NPN和PNP在实际工作理论中，我们需要记住几点
一般PLC采用NPN接法，其公共端为0V ，常见于三菱PLC中；反之PNP接法，公共端接高电平，常见于西门子PLC。
4、当然不仅局限于PLC输入输出端信号，传感器也有不同接法
PNP与NPN型传感器一般有三条引出线，即电源线VCC、GND，OUT信号输出线
1、NPN类
NPN是指当有信号触发时，信号输出线OUT和GND连接，相当于OUT输出低电平。
2、PNP类
PNP是指当有信号触发时，信号输出线OUT和VCC连接，相当于OUT输出高电平的电源线
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