Rockwell Allen-Bradley 1756L71 1794-AENT
状态检修则是根据各种仪器的监测结果和运行人员的巡查记录,经过运行技术人员的分析，按照设备运行的实际情况，实事求是地策划设备的检修行为。
1变压器的状态检修
1.1变压器状态检修的必要性和可行性
作为变压器检修的常用方式，预防性试验和定期检修有很大的盲目性和强制性，主要存在以下几个方面的问题：①浪费了大量的人力物力;②增加了变压器的停电次数和停电时间，造成了频繁的运行操作，增加了误操作的事故率;③过度检修造成设备的频繁拆卸，增加了在检修过程中产生新的设备隐患;④检修后按要求进行的耐压等试验也会对变压器造成不可逆损伤，使其总体寿命下降;⑤事故检修也增加了变压器的检修难度和检修费用。
变压器状态检修的基础在于监测技术和诊断技术，即通过各种检测手段来正确判断变压器目前的状况。随着传感技术、人工神经网络、专家系统、模糊集理论，以及微电子、计算机软硬件和数字信号处理技术等综合智能系统，在状态监测及故障诊断中的应用，使基于变压器设备状态监测和先进诊断技术的状态检修研究得到发展，成为电力系统中的一个重要研究领域。有关状态检修技术的研究大致可以分为寿命预测、故障诊断、信息管理与决策等几个方面。
1.2变压器状态检修的检测技术
1.2.1寿命评估
变压器剩余寿命的评估是当今监测与诊断工作的重要内容之一。要正确估算变压器的寿命，必须获得有关运行状态，需要对变压器进行综合分析。
1.2.2在线检测技术
(1)局部放电在线监测技术
变压器内部出现故障或运行条件恶劣,会由于局部场强过高而产生局部放电,对局部放电的检测，总体上可分为电气测量法和非电测量法(包括超声波法、光学法、测分解物法等)。
(2)油中气体的在线分析技术
长期以来，油浸变压器油中的气体成分和含量的气相色谱分析法一直是判断变压器内部状态的重要手段。其原理是利用所采集的气体浓度的相对比值，推测出油或油纸绝缘所处的裂解条件。
(3)红外测温技术
红外热像技术是利用红外探测器接受被测目标的红外辐射信号，经放大处理，转换成标准视频信号，然后通过电视屏或监视器显示红外热像图。当变压器引线接触不良、线圈导体接头虚焊、过负荷运行时都会引起导电回路局部过热，铁心多点接地也会引起铁心过热。
(4)图像识别技术
运用图像识别技术，对变压器内油位、渗漏油及内外封装情况进行在线监测，可以直观了解变压器运行状态。这种方法的准确率高，但要建立在视频技术成熟的基础上。
1.2.3变压器状态检修的系统结构
有了设备的在线监测数据，加上适当的网络结构和高级分析软件，便形成了变压器的状态检修系统。
(1)光纤令牌网+modem
当设备出现异常，采集节点测量出信号，记录几个工频周期的数据，节点上的网络软件按网络协议将数据打包，通过令牌网传给当地计算机，节点数据也可通过modem用拨号的方式传递到远方控制中心，以实现整个系统的数据共享。
(2)基于多代理技术的状态检修系统
一般将Agent定义为协同计算环境中持续发挥作用的计算实体。它以事故处理为中心，具有独立性、自主性和互交性。在COMMAS中每一个Agent可以独立完成与自己相关的那部分分析工作。
(3)高级分析系统
对于检修系统检测到的变压器的状态数据，光靠人工进行数据的处理、分析，是远远不够的，可以采用基于人工智能的专家系统，同时引入模糊数学、人工神经网络等新技术进行系统分析。
2开展电气设备状态检修应注意的问题
2.1在管理方面思想观念需要更新
人员技术素质有待提高。现有运行检修人员还不完全具备实施状态检修所需要的较全面的技术知识，对状态信息的收集方法，尚不熟悉。
数据资料缺乏。尤其是缺乏全国范围的同类型设备及部件的可靠性统计数据。
现行体制需要完善。现行检修工作的计划制定、决策实施、经费拨付、效益评定等方式都不利于发挥自身积极性采用新的检修技术和体制。
2.2技术方面的问题
状态监测与故障诊断技术需要提高和完善。状态监测与故障诊断技术正逐步得到广泛应用。在设备的检修管理与检修决策方面做的工作还不能完全满足设备状态检修的需要。在故障的诊断的正确率、系统的稳定性等方面还存在问题。
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