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DCS为分散控制系统的英文缩写，上世纪八十年代中后期，我国开始在成套引进的发电机组卜应用DCS，至目前，无论是大机组还是供热的小机组，DCS的应用已越来越广泛，为电力生产的安全、经济运行做出了巨大贡献。
1、DCS控制系统可靠性
对于各个电厂来说，控制系统的可靠性对整个电厂的安全可靠性是生死攸关的，如何尽可能的提高DCS的可靠性，从而保证电力生产的安全和经济已成为一项越来越重要的工作。本文作者根据自己在电厂从事热控检修工作的经验，从DCS控制系统角度，从控制系统选型、设备安装、程序设计和调试验收以及技术培训等方面，就如何提高整个DCS的可靠性进行了阐述。
2、DCS控制系统选型
不论在新建机组还是老机组进行的控制系统改造，均面临着尽可能质优价廉地选择理想的控制系统的问题。在此，我们姑且撇开控制系统的价格，仅从提高可靠性要的角度来考虑，在DCS选型过程中需要注意以下各方面的问题：
(1)在选择DCS控制系统时要优先考虑有在类似机组上良好运行业绩的控制系统，这样的控制系统通过了工厂试验和实际投运，其可靠性得到了时间的检验。
(2)控制系统的硬件一定要具有高可靠性，在电子元器件上的生产工艺各环节上采用了成熟技术，电子模件***好能热拔插。控制器的运算和存储能力要足够，IO卡件具有很强的抗干扰能力。
(3)控制系统从结构上要充分地采用冗余技术。对于控制系统的控制器、网络通讯等必须冗余，且各冗余设备之间必须能实现无扰切换。采用冗余结构不仅能避免控制系统的局部故障扩大事故，保证机组安全稳定运行，同时也保证设备故障的在线排除，从而消除事故隐患。
(4)控制系统软件的可维护性要好。尤其是以下几个方面：程序及软件的稳定性好，不会出现系统或单个控制器死机等问题;系统自诊断性好，控制器及I/O信号有出错报警;人机交换友好，可以在线修改程序及下装;备品备件有可靠保证，在15年内采购容易且周期短，价格低;控制系统软件的可读性好，其组态功能块的功能是否能轻易实现DCS控制系统的各种工艺功能的需要。
3、施工工艺和质量
对DCS控制系统的安装有严格规定，选择有良好资质和施工经验的施工单位尤其重要。控制系统选型一旦确定后，施工单位的技术人员要一同介入控制系统设计、出施工图、制定施工措施和进行技术培训等。工程开工前，必须根据工期要求，制定严格的进度计划，并要求施工单位***好施工力量，拿出他们的施工方案。在DCS安装、调试中尤其注意以下问题：
(1)施工中要注意盘柜与地的可靠绝缘和盘柜母线的叮靠接地，同时对孔洞等必须做防火处理，盘柜等要有防振动措施。
(2)敷设电缆时尤其要注意强电弱电分开，屏蔽线的可靠接地和抗干扰。在布线过程中一定要按照设计图纸施_[，在接线中，电缆及芯线标记要清晰完整，能长期保持;压接端子必须用绝缘管预装端头处理。
(3)要严格控制电子设备问的环境条件，注意搞好消防、空调、通风及照明等工作。尤其要提的是通风和空调，由于DCS控制系统温度要求严格，所以应尽早将空调系统投入运行，空调的出风口不能正对机柜或DCS其他电子设备，以免冷凝水渗透到设备内造成危害;同时，电子卡件决不允许有粉尘进入，所以，要求电子间能一直保持环境清洁和滤网干净，注意除湿和调整好温度。
4、程序设计和调试验收
在程序设计和验收过程中，要充分调动全体员工的积极性，使大家尽可能多地对DCS控制系统进行了解、熟悉和掌握。
在组态和验收中，要特别注意以下问题：
(1)在程序组态设计中，一定要采用保障机组安全运行控制策略。保护或连锁的逻辑判据必须是充要的。对汽轮机转速、汽轮机润滑油压力等，宜采用硬接线保护和软件保护相结合，建议采用常闭信号，以确保保护的可靠投入;对重要的三取二保护信号，要采用模拟量和开关量进行组合，在保证重要主设备安全的前提下，建议尽可能采用常开信号，以避免保护的误动作。
(2)在控制系统选型、设计、测试、验收、投入运行和在线调整各阶段，程序设计和测试人员一定要全程参与，要结合类似控制系统使用中存在的问题，严格审核保护控制逻辑设计和组态的合理性。测试中一定要***测试所有的回路，要仔细记录各次检查和试验结果，若发现与软件相关的问题要立即与供应商取得联系，并将情况完整地反馈给他们以尽快解决问题。
(3)要有必需的后备手段：重要的保护和联锁，出了有通讯连接外，还必须具有硬接线方式;对重要的调节设备，除了在操作员站上有软手操外，还必须有后备手操，以便在DCS控制器或I/O模件发生故障时，仍可以对重要设备进行及时干预。
P0902BL Nodebus Extender Terminator Assembly
P0902BP FBM24B/25B Term Cable, Wire, (Contact)
P0902BQ FBM24C/25C Term Cable, Wire, (Contact-Ext Pwr)
P0902BV FBM24B/25B Term Cable, Direct, (Contact)
P0902BW FBM24C/25C Term Cable, Direct, (Cont-Ext Pwr)
P0902BX FBM24B/25B Term Cable, Plug, (Contact)
P0902BY FBM24C/25C Term Cable, Plug, (Contact-Ext Pwr)
P0902CA FBM26B/27B Term Cable, Wire, (Contact)
P0902CB FBM26C/27C Term Cable, Wire, (Contact-Ext Pwr)
P0902CC FBM26B/27B Term Cable, Direct, (Contact)
P0902CD FBM26C/27C Term Cable, Direct, (Cont-Ext Pwr)
P0902CE FBM26B/27B Term Cable, Plug, (Contact)
P0902CF FBM26C/27C Term Cable, Plug, (Contact-Ext Pwr)
P0902DZ Communication Processor 15
P0902EA Door Assembly, Rear, Extended, 220 Vac
P0902EE Door Assembly, Rear, Extended, 120 Vac
P0902ES 2 x 4 Cell Bus Assembly
P0902HK Letterbug Tool
P0902JD MIW Straight Bay Mounting Kit
P0902JM 20 Ft Nodebus "A" Cable
P0902JN 20 Ft Nodebus "B" Cable
P0902KZ 50 Ft Nodebus "A" Cable
P0902LN 50 Ft Nodebus "B" Cable
P0902LW IE/FE Nodebus Cable Kit
P0902LX IE/WS Nodebus Cable Kit
P0902LY WS/WS Nodebus Cable Kit
P0902MF HP Ink-Jet Printer For PW's (120 Vac)
P0902MX HP Ink-Jet Printer For PW's (220 Vac)
P0902MY HP Ink-Jet Printer For PW's (240 Vac)
P0902ND HP Ink-Jet Printer For PW's (100 Vac)
P0902NX Panel Mounted Display Station Interface Cable
P0902NZ Door Assembly, Front, Extended, 120 Vac
P0902PH Door Assembly, Front, Extended, 220 Vac
P0902QR Workstation Processor 25 For The Japanese Market
P0902SF SSI Interface Card (OPTO 22)
P0902SG PW-C Processor Unit (120 Vac)
P0902SH PW or PW-NB Processor Unit (120 Vac)
P0902SJ PW-FB Processor Unit (120 Vac)
P0902SK PW-SSI Processor Unit (120 Vac)
P0902SL PW Or PW-NB Processor Unit (220 Vac)
P0902*** PW-FB Processor Unit (220 Vac)
P0902SN PW-SSI Processor Unit (220 Vac)
P0902SP PW-C Processor Unit (220 Vac)
P0902UB 13-Inch Hardened Workstation Display, 120 Vac
P0902UC 13-Inch Hardened Wkst Display/TS, 120 Vac
P0902UD 19-Inch Hardened Workstation Display, 120 Vac
P0902UE 19-Inch Hardened Workstation Display/TS, 120 Vac
P0902UF 13-Inch Hardened Workstation Display, 220/240 Vac
P0902UG 13-Inch Hardened Wkst Display/TS, 220/240 Vac
P0902UH 19-Inch Hardened Workstation Display, 220/240 Vac
P0902UJ 19-Inch Hardened WS Display/TS, 220/240 Vac
P0902UT FBM39 Intelligent Tran***itter Input/0-20 mA Output
P0902VG 80 Mb Disk Drive w/AP20 Kanji SW
P0902VH 80 Mb Disk Drive w/AP20 Kanji SW (Pedestal Mtg)
P0902VJ 80 Mb Disk Drive w/AP20 Kanji SW (Workstation Mtg)
P0902VY Resistor Assembly For Intelligent Field Devices
P0902WD 4-Port Passive Tap
P0902WH 4-Port Terminating Tap
P0902WT Trunk Cable Splice Set
P0902WW 170 Mb Hard Disk (SCSI), For Workstation Mtg
P0902WX 170 Mb Hard Disk (SCSI)
P0902WY 170 Mb Hard Disk (SCSI), Pedestal Mounted
P0902XA FBM41 Contact/dc Input/High Current Dc Output
P0902XB FBM42 Contact/dc In/High Current dc Out Expander
P0902YT FBM41A/42A Term Cable (60 V/2.2A), Wire
P0902YU FBM41C/42C Term Cable (Cont/2.2A), Wire
P0902YV FBM41A/42c Term Cable (60 V/2.2A), Direct
P0902YW FBM41C/42C Term Cable (Cont/2.2A), Direct
P0902YX FBM41A/42A Term Cable (60 V/2.2A), Plug
P0902YY FBM41C/42C Term Cable (Cont/2.2A), Plug
P0902ZH Field Conversion Kit For FE-8 Or IE-16 Side Doors
P0902ZH-L FE-8 Or IE-16 Side Door Kit With Lock
P0902ZJ Field Conversion Kit For IE-32 Side Door
P0902ZJ-L IE-32 Side Door Kit With Lock
P0903AA 1 x 8 Cell Bus Assembly
P0903BX 2 x 8 Cell Bus Assembly
P0903CV Annunciator Keyboard
P0903CW Annunciator/Numeric Keyboard
P0903EM Fiber Optic LAN Converter
P0903HL Cell Support
P0903NF Metal Industrial Enclosure Air Filter
P0903NK Power Cord, ac (EC96)
P0903PG Mtg Kit For UFM SPECTRUM Fieldbus Termination
P0903PH Mtg Kit For FIO SPECTRUM Fieldbus Termination
P0903PJ Mtg Kit For UCM SPECTRUM Fieldbus Termination
P0903PQ Migration Expert Diskette Drive
P0903QE Fiber Optic Fieldbus Modem, Mid Bus
P0903QF Fiber Optic Fieldbus Modem, End Bus
P0903QK Fieldbus Power Distribution Unit
P0903*** Cable Assembly, Power PDU/Modem
P0903QZ Insert Kit For Annunciator Keyboard
P0903RL Battery Replacement Drive, 24 V, IPM06
P0903SA FBM05 Termination Cable, Wire
P0903SB FBM04A Termination Cable, Wire
P0903SV CB4 Cable Balun Module
P0903TW FBM06A Termination Cable, Wire
P0903UP SPEC 200 Fieldbus Isolator (SSFBI)
P0903UQ SPEC 200 Standard Control Integrator (S2BM04)
P0903UR Metal Vented Enclosure - Single ICH19, 120 Vac
P0903US Metal Vented Enclosure - Single ICH19, 240 Vac
P0903UT Metal Vented Enclosure - Single ICH12, 120 Vac
P0903UU Metal Vented Enclosure - Single ICH12, 240 Vac
P0903UW Metal Vented Enclosure - Field Terminati***
P0903UX Metal Vented Enclosure - Field Termination
P0903UZ SPEC 200 Fieldbus Isolator Cable
P0903VS SPECTRUM Migration Integrator For UCM (FBP11)
P0903VT SPECTRUM Migration Integrator For FIO (FBP12)
P0903VV SPECTRUM Migration Integrator For UFM (FBP13)
P0903VW SPECTRUM Migration Integrator For UIO (FBP14)
P0903VY Termination Cable Assembly
P0903WA SPEC 200 Configurable Control Integrator (S2BM17)
P0903WB Metal Vented Enclosure - Dual ICH19, 120 Vac
P0903WC Metal Vented Enclosure - Dual ICH19, 240 Vac
P0903WD Metal Vented Enclosure - Dual ICH12, 120 Vac
P0903WE Metal Vented Enclosure - Dual ICH12, 240 Vac
P0903WF SPEC 200 Fieldbus Isolator Extension Cable
P0903WM Air Deflector For Custom Mounting Of Cluster I/O
P0903XK Mounting Kit For UIO SPECTRUM Fieldbus Termination
P0903XL SPEC 200 MICRO Control Integrator (S2MM17)
P0903XR SPEC 200 MICRO Control Integrator Extend (S2MM09)
P0903XU SPEC 200 MICRO Fieldbus Isolator (MSFBI)
P0903YE 1 x 12 FBM Nest With Alarm
P0903ZE Fieldbus Isolator (EC96)
P0903ZL Industrial Pwr Mod 2, 120-240 Vac, 100 ms (EC96)
P0903ZM Input Power Bus, 240 V
P0903ZN Power Bus, Inter
P0903ZP Power Bus, Inter, Backup
P0903ZQ Industrial Pwr Mod 3A, ac Backup Pwr (EC96)
P0903ZR Input Power Bus, 120 V
P0903ZW AW70 Local FB Cable To 1x8 Or MS, 10 Ft
P0904AH WP20/30 Series GCIO wo/TS w/Tabletop (EC96)
P0904AJ WP20/30 Series GCIO w/TS W/Tabletop (EC96)
P0904AK 50 Series GCIO Interface w/o TS (EC96)
P0904AL 50 Series GCIO Interface w/TS (EC96)
P0904AT Cable Assembly Power PDU/Modem (EC96)
P0904AU Fieldbus Power Distribution Unit (EC96)
P0904BD Power Bus, 24 Vdc
P0904BE PC Fieldbus Interface (EC96)
P0904BF Junction Box2, 100/120 Vac
P0904BH Junction Box2, 220/240 Vac
P0904BP WP20/30 Series GCIO w/TS (MIW Top) (EC96)
P0904BQ WP20/30 Series GCIO w/o TS (MIW Top) (EC96)
P0904BR MIW GCIO w/TS (EC96)
P0904BS MIW GCIO wo/TS (EC96)
P0904BV 19" WS Display w/TS (WP20/30 Tabletop) (EC96)
P0904BW 19" WS Display (WP20/30 Tabletop) (EC96)
P0904FH Input Bus Short
P0904HA Industrial Power Module, 2 LAMBDA
P0904HB Industrial Power Module, 3A LAMBDA
P0904HL 28 Volt Power Supply, LZS 500
P0904HM 28 Volt Power Supply, LZS 1000
P0904HN 28 Volt Power Supply, LZS 1500
P0904HV 500 Watt Power Supply
P0904HW 500 Div2/Zone2 Watt Power Supply
P0904HX 250 Watt Div2/Zone2 Power Supply
P0911AC Communicati*** Processor 15 (Synchronous)
P0911AJ Cable, Modicon GW To 984-380, 984-480, 980-680 PLC
P0911AK Cable, Modicon GW To Modicon 984A, Or 984B PLC
P0911AN Wide Range Power Module 2 (WPM2)
P0911AT Synchronous Serial Cable Adapter
P0911AX PW-C Processor Unit (120 Vac)
P0911AY PW-C Processor Unit (220 Vac)
P0911AZ PW Processor Unit (120 Vac), Without Monitor
P0911BA PW Processor Unit (220 Vac), Without Monitor
P0911BD Dot-Matrix Printer, 136, Color - 120 Vac
P0911BE Dot-Matrix Printer, 136, Color - 220/240 Vac
P0911BF Color Ribbon, Dot Matrix Color Printer 136
P0911BG Black Ribbon, Dot-Matrix Printer 136
P0911BH Printhead, Dot-Matrix Color Printer 136
P0911BJ RS232 Printer Cable (136 Color), 40 Feet
P0911BP Video Extension (WP20,25,&30), 50 Feet
P0911BQ Video Extension (WP20,25,&30), 200 Feet
P0911BR Video Extension (WP20,25,&30), 300 Feet
P0911BS Video Extension (WP20,25,&30), 400 Feet
P0911BT WP GCIO Extension (WP20,25,&30), 50 Feet
P0911BU WP GCIO Extension (WP20,25,&30), 200 Feet
P0911BV WP GCIO Extension (WP20,25,&30), 300 Feet
P0911BW WP GCIO Extension (WP20,25,&30), 400 Feet
P0911BX WP GCIO Extension (WP20, 25, & 30), 50 Ft
P0911BY WP GCIO Extension (WP20, 25, & 30), 200 Ft
P0911BZ WP GCIO Extension (WP20, 25, & 30), 300 Ft
P0911CA WP GCIO EXtension (WP20, 25, &30), 400 Ft
P0911CC PRINTER BROTHER 1900 220V
P0911CD Video Amp - 120 V (WP20 & 25)
P0911CE Video Amp - 220 V (WP20 & 25)
P0911CF Video Cable (WP 20 & 25 - Amp), 20 Ft
P0911CK WP GCIO Extension (WP20,25,&30), 100 Feet
P0911CL WP GCIO Extension (WP20,25,&30), 500 Feet
P0911CM WP GCIO EXtension (WP20, 25, &30), 100 Ft
P0911CN WP GCIO EXtension (WP20, 25, &30), 500 Ft
P0911CQ Video Amp Output Adapter (WP20 & 25)