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PLC的工作原理
[例1]． C200H PLC配置：4个8点输入模块+2个16点输入模块O、 5个8点输出模块+2个16点输出模块、
程序5K个地址(且仅使用LD、OUT指令，其执行时间分别为0.75、1.13μs)
解：当编程器要在上面运行时：
T = 2.6+0.8 + (0.75+1.13) / 2 × 5.120 + 0.07 × 8 + 0.04× 9 = 9.1 ms
没有外设：T = 2.6 + (0.75+1.13) / 2×5.120 + 0.07× 8 + 0.04×9 = 8.3ms
系统响应时间
PLC系统的响应时间是指输入信号有效后，到输出元件动作所需要的时间。所以系统响应时间的长短与系统的扫描周期、输入响应时间、输出响应时间有关。
例如图2-8，如当SB接通有效后，直到与Y00对应的输出元件有效输出的时间即为该系统的响应时间
系统***小响应时间
若PLC在一次输入刷新前，输入点能建立起有效输入信号，现经扫描周期中程序的处理，经输出点输出，直到内部输出元件(J ,SSR, T)给出有效的输出为止 (见图2-9 (a))，这种响应时间为系统***小响应时间。
***小响应时间 = 输入响应时间 + 1个周期的扫描时间 + 输出响应时间
系统***大响应时间
若在输入刷新刚完成后，输入点才建立起有效的输入信号，则必须在下一周扫描周期的输入刷新时才能将这一信号写入I/O状态表。这种响应时间为系统的***大响应时间。(见图2-9 (b))
***大响应时间 = 输入响应时间 + 2个周期的扫描时间 + 输出响应时间
如：输入响应时间为 1.5ms ； 输出响应时间 15ms ； 扫描周期 10ms
系统***小响应时间 = 1.5+10+15 = 26.5 ms
系统***大响应时间 = 1.5+2×10+15 = 36.5 ms
由以上分析表明：从外部输入触点动作有效到内部输出元件(继电器、晶体管、可控硅)的有效输出，响应延迟时间可长达2个多扫描周期，可达几十ms，这点对一般的应用场合无关紧要。但在某些特殊应用场合，这么大的***是不允许的，此时应考虑选用智能化的快速响应I/O模块或选用更高速的PLC机型。
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