EPRO CON021
对于各种PLC的现场硬件组态和软件调试，通常有经验的工程师应该先花一些时间对自己的现场工作进行一个简单的规划，通常应当采取如下的步骤：
（1）系统的规划
首先，必须深入了解系统所需求的功能，并调查可能的控制方法，同时与用户或设计院共同探讨最佳之操作程序，根据所归纳之结论来拟定系统规划，决定所采行的PLC系统架构、所需之I/O点数与I/O模块型式。
（2）I/O模块选择与地址设定
当I/O模块选妥后，依据所规划之I/O点使用情形，由PLC的CPU系统自动设定I/O地址，或由使用者自定I/O模块的地址。
（3）梯形图程序的编写与系统配线
在确定好实际的I/O地址之后，依据系统需求的功能，开始着手梯形图程序的编写。同时，I/O之地址已设定妥当，故系统之配线亦可着手进行。
（4）梯形图程序的仿真与修改
在梯形图程序撰写完成后，将程序写入PLC，便可先行在PC与OpenPLC系统做在线连接，以执行在线仿真作业。倘若程序执行功能有误，则必须进行除错，并修改梯形图程序。
（5）系统试车与实际运转
在线上程序仿真作业下，若梯形图程序执行功能正确无误，且系统配线亦完成后，便可使系统纳入实际运转，项目计划亦告完成。
（6）程序注释和归档
为确保日后维修的便利，要将试车无误可供实际运转的梯形图程序做批注，并加以整理归档，方能缩短日后维修与查阅程序之时间。这是职业工程师的良好习惯，无论对今后自己进行维护，或者移交用户，这都会带来极大的便利，而且是你的职业水准的一个体现。
以上工作中，复杂的系统规划可能需要几天甚至更长的时间，但一个简单的系统规划在一个具有良好的职业习惯的编程工程师手中，可能只需要几个小时。
这里要强调一个问题，是十分简单但却几乎每个项目都会发生的，那就是对PLC的接线。这往往是经验不足的工程师常常忽略的一个问题。其实，现场调试大部分的问题和工作量都是在接线方面。有经验的工程师首先应当检查现场的接线。通常，如果现场接线是由用户或者其它的施工人员完成的，则通过看其接线图和接线的外观，就可以对接线的质量有个大致的判断。然后要对所有的接线进行一次完整而认真的检查。现场由于接线错误而导致PLC被烧坏的情况屡次发生，在进行真正的调试之前，一定要认真地检查。即便接线不是你的工作，检查接线也是你的义务和责任，而且，可以省去你后面大量的时间。
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