德国KAYSEN凯森进口增氧机概述
增氧机是一种常被应用于渔业养殖业的机器。它的主要作用是增加水中的氧气含量以确保水中的鱼类不会缺氧，同时也能***水中***的生长，防止池水变质威胁鱼类生存环境。增氧机一般是靠其自带的空气泵将空气打入水中，以此来实现增加水中氧气含量的目的。
增氧机种类：
叶轮式增氧机
具有增氧、搅水、爆气等综合作用，是目前***多采用的增氧机，年产值约15万台，其增氧能力、动力效率均优于其他机型，但是运转噪声较大，一般用于水深1米以上的大面积的池塘养殖。
水车式增氧机
具有良好的增氧及促进水体流动的效果，适用于淤泥较深， 面积l 000～2 540 ㎡的池塘使用。
射流式增氧机
其增氧动力效率超过水车式、充气式、喷水式等形式的增氧机，其结构简单，能形成水流，搅拌水体。射流式增氧机能使水体平缓地增氧，不损伤鱼体，适合鱼苗池增氧使用[8]。
喷水式增氧机
具有良好的增氧功能，可在短时间内迅速提高表层水体的溶氧量， 同时还有艺术观赏效果，适用于园林或旅游区养鱼池使用。
充气式增氧机
水越深效果越好，适合于深水水体中使用。
吸入式增氧机
通过负压吸气把空气送入水中，并与水形成涡流混合把水向前推进，因而混合力强。它对下层水的增氧能力比叶轮式增氧机强，对上层水的增氧能力稍逊于叶轮式增氧机[4]。
涡流式增氧机
：主要用于北方冰下水体增氧，增氧效率高[4]。
增氧泵
因其轻便、易操作及单一的增氧功能，故一般适合水深在0.7米以下，面积在0.6亩以下的鱼苗培育池或温室养殖池中使用[5]。
随着渔业需求的不断细化和增氧机技术的不断提高，出现了许多新型的增氧机，诸如：涌喷式增氧机、***增氧机[9]等多种规格的增氧机。
主要特点：
●独特的混气室设计，吸入空气量多，混合效果好，氧利用率高；
●气水混合液以特殊的角度从混气室中排出，可使水流成螺旋状水平方向并继而向***动，在曝气的同时兼有搅拌作用；
●机体沉入水中运行，无噪音。进气管出水面可加***装置，增强消音效果。
主要应用：
对池塘改善
主要表现在：
当鱼池缺氧时开增氧机，可预防鱼虾“浮头”。当晴天上层溶氧高时开机，可加速水体的对流，提高水体中、下层的溶氧，有利于鱼虾快速生长，降低饵料系数，促进有机物的氧化分解，减少病害的发生。另外，水体的循环流动，还促进浮游生物的繁殖生长，提高池塘初级生产力。
可见，增氧机的作用，不仅是对水体增氧，还有效促进池塘初级生产力和自净能力的提高，从而改善了池塘水质和生态环境。其产生的水循环流动不适合某些养殖对象如鳗、虾的生活习性，但对促进鱼虾健康、快速生长具有良好的作用。
养虾场配置
增氧机的配置量的主要决定于水源状况、养殖密度、总进排水耗能等情况。
水源状况：水源是否丰富，水质是否一直保持良好；如水质良好，可考虑少配，反之则多配，仅在水质好时多换水。
养殖密度即亩产：高则多配，低则少配。
排水耗能情况：若进排水能耗较少，增氧机可考虑少配；能耗较大，配置量应较大。
经济分析：考虑电费、虾价相对比值，如当地电费相对较高而虾售价相对较低，则考虑少配；反之则多配。
注意事项：
科学养鱼的今天，许多养鱼户使用池塘增氧机缺乏科学性，直接影响增氧机的使用效果。合理使用增氧机可有效增加池水中的溶氧量，加速池塘水体物质循环，消除***物质，促进浮游生物繁殖。同时可以预防和减轻鱼类浮头，防止泛池以及改善池塘水质条件，增加鱼类摄食量及提高单位面积产量。
1.如何确定类型
确定装载负荷一般考虑水深、面积和池形。长方形池以水车式***佳，正方形或圆形池以叶轮式为好；叶轮式增氧机每千瓦动力基本能满足3.8亩水面成鱼池塘的增氧需要，4.5亩以上的鱼池应考虑装配两台以上的增氧机。
2.安装位置
增氧机应安装于池塘***或偏上风的位置。一般距离池堤5 m以上，并用插杆或抛锚固定。安装叶轮式增氧机时应保证增氧机在工作时产生的水流不会将池底淤泥搅起。另外，安装时要注意安全用电，做好安全使用保护措施，并经常检查维修。
3.开机和运行时间
增氧机一定要在安全的情况下运行，并结合池塘中鱼的放养密度、生长季节、池塘的水质条件、天气变化情况、和增氧机的工作原理、主要作用、增氧性能、增氧机负荷等因素来确定运行时间，做到起作用而不浪费[5]。正确掌握开机的时间，需做到“六开三不开”。即，“六开”：1）晴天时午后开机；2）阴天时次日清晨开机；3）阴雨连绵时半夜开机；4）下暴雨时上半夜开机；5）温差大时及时开机[7]；6）特殊情况下随时开机。“三不开”：1）早上日出后不开机；2）傍晚不开机；3）阴雨天白天不开机。
在出现天气突变或由于水肥鱼多等原因引起鱼类浮头时，可灵活掌握开机时间，防止浮头或泛塘发生。
4.定期检修
为了安全作业，必须定期对增氧机进行检修。电动机、减速箱、叶轮、浮子都要检修，对已受到水淋浸蚀的接线盒，应及时更换，同时检修后的各部件应放在通风、干燥的地方，需要时再装成整机使用。
Germany KAYSEN imported aerator overview
An aerator is a machine that is often used in fish farming. Its main function is to increase the oxygen content in the water to ensure that the fish in the water will not be deficient in oxygen, and at the same time, it can inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria in the water and prevent the deterioration of the water from threatening the living environment of the fish. Aerators generally use the air pump that comes with them to drive air into the water to increase the oxygen content in the water.
Type of aerator:
Impeller aerator
It has the combined functi*** of aeration, water agitation and gas explosion. It is the most widely used aerator. The annual output value is about 150,000 units. Its oxygen-enhancing capacity and power efficiency are better than other models, but the operation noise is relatively large. It is used for large-scale pond culture with a water depth of 1 m or more.
Waterwheel aerator
It has good oxygen-enhancing effect and promotes the flow of water. It is suitable for ponds with deep sludge and an area of 1000 to 2 540 m2.
Jet aerator
The aeration machine has an aerobic power efficiency exceeding that of a water tank type, a gas-filled type, a water spray type, etc., and has a simple structure, can form a water flow, and stirs a water body. The jet aerator can gently aerate the water body without damaging the fish body and is suitable for aerobic use in the fry pond [8].
Water spray aerator
It has a good oxygen-enhancing function, which can quickly increase the dissolved oxygen content of the surface water body in a short time, and also has an artistic viewing effect, which is suitable for use in gardens or tourist areas.
Inflatable aerator
The deeper the water, the better the effect, suitable for use in deep water bodies.
Suction aerator
The air is sent to the water by vacuum suction, and vortex is mixed with the water to push the water forward, so that the mixing force is strong. It has stronger oxygen-enhancing ability to the lower layer water than the impeller-type aerator, and the oxygen-enhancing ability of the upper layer water is slightly lower than that of the impeller-type aerator [4].
Eddy current aerator
: It is mainly used for oxygenation in the underwater water body of North China, and has high oxygen efficiency [4].
Aeration pump
Because of its light weight, easy operation and single aeration function, it is generally suitable for use in fry breeding ponds or greenhouse culture ponds with a water depth of less than 0.7 m and an area of less than 0.6 mu [5].
With the continuous refinement of fishery demand and the continuous improvement of aerator technology, many new types of aerators h***e emerged, such as surge aeration aerators, spray aerators [9], etc. machine.
main feature:
●Unique mixing chamber design, the amount of inhaled air is high, the mixing effect is good, and the oxygen utilization rate is high;
● The gas-water mixture is discharged from the mixing chamber at a special angle, so that the water flows in a spiral horizontal direction and then flows upward, and agitating at the same time as aeration;
● The body is submerged in water and has no noise. A muffler can be added to the outlet surface of the intake pipe to enhance the noise reduction effect.
main application:
Improvement to the pond
Mainly manifested in:
When the fish pond is deficient in oxygen, the aerator is installed to prevent the fish and shrimp from "floating head". When the upper layer dissolves oxygen on the sunny day, it can accelerate the convection of the water body and increase the dissolved oxygen in the middle and lower layers of the water body, which is beneficial to the rapid growth of fish and shrimp, reduce the feed coefficient, promote the oxidative decomposition of organic matter, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. In addition, the circulation of water bodies also promotes the growth and growth of plankton and increases the primary productivity of ponds.
It can be seen that the role of the aerator is not only to increase the oxygen in the water, but also to effectively improve the primary productivity and self-purification capacity of the pond, thereby improving the water quality and ecological environment of the pond. The water circulation generated by it is not suitable for the living habits of some cultured objects such as crickets and shrimps, but it has a good effect on promoting the healthy and rapid growth of fish and shrimp.
Shrimp farm configuration
The configuration of the aerator is mainly determined by the status of the water source, the density of the culture, and the energy c***umption of the total intake and drainage.
Water source status: Whether the water source is abundant and whether the water quality has been maintained well; if the water quality is good, it may be c***idered to be less matched, and vice versa. If the water quality is good, change the water more.
The density of breeding is mu production: high is more, but low is less.
Drainage energy c***umption: If the energy c***umption of intake and drainage is less, the aerator can be c***idered less; the energy c***umption is larger and the configuration should be larger.
Economic analysis: C***ider the relative ratio of electricity and shrimp prices. If the local electricity tariff is relatively high and the shrimp price is relatively low, c***ider less allocation;
Precauti***:
Today, scientific fish farming, many fish farmers use pond aerators lack of science, directly affecting the use of aerators. Reasonable use of aerators can effectively increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the pool water, accelerate the circulation of water in the pond, eliminate harmful substances, and promote the reproduction of plankton. At the same time, it can prevent and reduce fish floating heads, prevent flooding and improve pond water quality conditi***, increase fish food intake and increase production per unit area.
1. How to determine the type
Determining the loading load generally takes into account water depth, area and pool shape. The rectangular pool is the best in the waterwheel type, and the square or circular pool is better in the impeller type; the impeller-type aerator can basically meet the oxygenation requirement of the 3.8 mu surface fish pond per kilowatt, and the fish pond above 4.5 mu should be c***idered for assembly. More than two aerators.
2. Installation location
The aerator should be installed in the center of the pond or in the upper wind. Generally, it is more than 5 m away from the bank and fixed by a plunger or anchor. When installing the impeller aerator, it should be ensured that the water generated by the aerator during operation does not agitate the sludge at the bottom of the tank. In addition, pay attention to safe use of electricity during installation, take good protective measures for safety, and check maintenance frequently.
3. Boot and run time
The aerator must be operated under safe conditi***, combined with the stocking density of the fish in the pond, the growing season, the water quality conditi*** of the pond, the weather conditi***, and the working principle of the aerator, the main function, the aeration performance, and the aeration. Factors such as machine load determine the running time and do it without waste [5]. To correctly master the time of booting, you need to do “six open and three open”. That is, "six open": 1) booting in the afternoon on a sunny day; 2) booting in the early morning on a cloudy day; 3) booting in the middle of the night when the rain is raining; 4) booting in the middle of the night when the rain is he***y; 5) turning on the power when the temperature difference is large [7] ;6) Turn on the phone at any time under special circumstances. "Three does not open": 1) Do not turn on after morning sunrise; 2) Do not turn on in the evening; 3) Do not turn on during the rainy days.
When there is a sudden change in the weather or due to water, fertilizer, fish, etc., the fish can be floated, and the boot time can be flexibly controlled to prevent floating heads or floodplains.
4. Regular maintenance
In order to operate safely, the aerator must be inspected regularly. The motor, gearbox, impeller and float should be inspected. The junction box that has been eroded by water should be replaced in time. At the same time, the parts after maintenance should be placed in a ventilated and dry place, and then installed as a whole machine when needed.